What complication can arise from untreated streptococcal pharyngitis?

Untreated streptococcal pharyngitis can lead to several complications, one of the most significant being a peritonsillar abscess. This condition occurs when the infection spreads from the tonsils to the surrounding tissues, leading to the formation of a pus-filled cavity. The peritonsillar abscess is characterized by severe throat pain, difficulty swallowing, fever, and trismus, making it a medical emergency that may require drainage and antibiotics for treatment.

Addressing complications like septicemia, chronic cough, and aphthous ulcers requires understanding that they are not direct consequences of untreated streptococcal pharyngitis. Septicemia, or blood infection, can occur from severe infections but is less common and typically would arise in someone with a more systemic or compromised state. Chronic cough is not a recognized complication of streptococcal pharyngitis; instead, it may be attributed to other conditions. Aphthous ulcers, which are often related to stress or underlying systemic conditions, do not result from streptococcal infection. Thus, the risk of developing a peritonsillar abscess is the most direct and relevant complication stemming from untreated streptococcal pharyngitis.