What EKG change indicates cardiac end-organ damage due to hypertension?

The indication of cardiac end-organ damage due to hypertension is represented by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) on an EKG. This change occurs as the left ventricle adapts to the increased workload that results from prolonged high blood pressure. Over time, the muscle fibers of the left ventricle undergo adaptive changes, causing them to thicken in an attempt to manage the elevated systemic resistance. This thickening can be detected on an EKG through specific criteria such as an increased voltage in the QRS complexes or the presence of certain repolarization changes.

Left ventricular hypertrophy is clinically significant as it not only reflects the long-standing effect of hypertension on the heart but also is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events, including heart failure, arrhythmias, and myocardial infarction. Recognizing these changes on an EKG is crucial for evaluating the impact of hypertension on cardiovascular health and guiding management strategies.