What is indicated for patients with advanced chronic obstructive lung disease?

In advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the use of corticosteroids is indicated as they help to manage inflammation and reduce airway obstruction. Corticosteroids work by decreasing the inflammatory response in the airways, which can lead to improved airflow and overall lung function. They are particularly useful during exacerbations, where inflammation can worsen symptoms significantly.

Long-acting beta agonists also play a role in the management of COPD, but their primary function is bronchodilation rather than addressing inflammation. While they can be beneficial, the direct impact of corticosteroids on reducing inflammation makes them a more critical component of treatment in advanced stages of the disease.

Antibiotics are not universally indicated in advanced COPD unless there is a clear bacterial infection, and oral theophylline is less commonly used due to its narrow therapeutic range and potential side effects. Corticosteroids remain a mainstay in managing advanced COPD, particularly in patients experiencing exacerbations or significant inflammation.