What is the primary mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

The primary mode of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. These enzymes are crucial in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins, which are lipid compounds that mediate various physiological functions, including inflammation, pain, and fever. By inhibiting COX-1 and COX-2, NSAIDs effectively reduce the production of these prostaglandins, leading to decreased inflammation and pain relief.

The role of NSAIDs encompasses addressing both acute and chronic inflammatory conditions, such as arthritis or post-operative pain. The inhibition of COX-1 can also affect normal physiological processes, which may explain some of the side effects associated with NSAIDs, such as gastrointestinal issues.

Understanding the specific pathways that NSAIDs target highlights their importance in managing pain and inflammation in clinical practice.