Which side effect should be monitored for in patients receiving chemotherapy with bleomycin?

Bleomycin, a chemotherapeutic agent used in various cancers, is particularly known for its potential to cause pulmonary toxicity, which manifests as pneumonitis. This side effect arises due to the drug's ability to induce inflammation and damage to lung tissue, leading to symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, and hypoxia. Monitoring for pneumonitis is crucial as it can progress to more severe respiratory complications and significantly affect the patient's quality of life.

While cardiac toxicity, nephrotoxicity, and peripheral neuropathy are notable side effects associated with other chemotherapy agents, they are not directly linked to bleomycin, making the monitoring of pneumonitis particularly important in patients receiving this medication. Early detection of pulmonary adverse effects can guide timely intervention, potentially reducing morbidity associated with chemotherapy. Understanding this mechanism of action and side effect profile of bleomycin helps healthcare providers effectively manage patient safety during cancer treatment.